.jpeg)
Pharmacy Council of India New Delhi
Semester I
BP101T. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and
functions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both
homeostatic mechanisms. The subject provides the basic knowledge required to
understand the various disciplines of pharmacy. Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
1. Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human
body.
2. Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
3. Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
4. Perform the various experiments related to special senses and nervous system.
5. Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
Course Content:
Unit I 10 hours
Introduction to human body
Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural
organization and body systems, basic life processes, homeostasis, basic
anatomical terminology. The cellular level of organization
Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell
division, cell junctions. General principles of cell communication,
intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal
molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling: a) Contact-dependent b)
Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine Tissue level of organization
Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial,
muscular and nervous and connective tissues.
Unit II
Integumentary system
Structure and functions of skin
Skeletal system
Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features and functions
of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system
Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction,
neuromuscular junction
Joints
Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its
articulation
Unit III
10 hours
Body fluids and blood Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoiesis, formation of
hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors,
transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system. Lymphatic system
Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation, and functions of the lymphatic system
Unit IV
08 hours
Peripheral nervous system:
Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves. Special senses
Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
Unit V 07 hours
Cardiovascular system
Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of
artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its
regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of
blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
BP102T. PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of
electrochemical analysis of drugs
Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to
understand the principles of volumetric and electro chemical analysis carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations develop analytical skills
Course Content:
UNIT-I
10 Hours
(a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope
i) Different techniques of analysis
ii) Methods of expressing concentration
iii) Primary and secondary standards.
iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions- Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate
(b)Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors,
accuracy, precision and significant figures
(c)Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents,limit tests.
UNIT-II
10 Hours
Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification of
acid base titrations and theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and
very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves Non aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and
estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl
UNIT-III
10 Hours
Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified
Volhard’s, Fajans method, estimation of sodium chloride. Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking
and demasking reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium
gluconate. Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity
of the precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of
barium sulphate. Basic Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration.
33
UNIT-IV
08 Hours
Redox titrations
(a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction
(b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications)
Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration with
potassium iodate
UNIT-V
07 Hours
Electrochemical methods of analysis Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric
titrations, applications. Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and working
of reference (Standard hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and
calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal electrodes and
glass electrode), methods to determine end point of potentiometric
titration and applications. Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and
working of dropping mercury electrode and rotating platinum
electrode, applications
34
BP103T. PHARMACEUTICS- I (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the preparatory
pharmacy with arts and science of preparing the different conventional dosage forms.
Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to: Know the history of profession of pharmacy
Understand the basics of different dosage forms, pharmaceutical incompatibilities and
pharmaceutical calculations Understand the professional way of handling the prescription
Preparation of various conventional dosage forms
Course Content:
UNIT – I
10 Hours
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History
of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry
and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia. Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription and
Errors in prescription. Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculations
based on age, body weight and body surface area.
UNIT – II
10 Hours
Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures – Imperial & Metric
system, Calculations involving percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and
isotonic solutions based on freezing point and molecular weight. Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages,Simple &
compound powders – official preparations, dusting powders, effervescent,
efflorescent and hygroscopic powders, eutectic mixtures. Geometric dilutions. Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms.
Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement
techniques
36
UNIT – III
08 Hours
Monophasic liquids: Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes,
Throat Paint, Eardrops, Nasal drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniments and
Lotions. Biphasic liquids: Suspensions: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications,
Preparation of suspensions; Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension & stability
problems and methods to overcome. Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the identification
of type ofEmulsion, Methods of preparation & stability problems and methods to
overcome.
UNIT – IV
08 Hours
Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of bases,
methods of preparations. Displacement value & its calculations, evaluation of
suppositories. Pharmaceutical incompatibilities: Definition, classification, physical, chemical
and therapeutic incompatibilities with examples.
UNIV – V
07 Hours
Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors
influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams
and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid
dosages forms
37
BP104T. PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This subject deals with the monographs of inorganic drugs and pharmaceuticals.
Objectives: Upon completion of course students shall be able to
know the sources of impurities and methods to determine the impurities in inorganic
drugs and pharmaceuticals understand the medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of inorganic compounds
Course Content:
UNIT I
10 Hours
Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia,
Sources and types of impurities, principle involved in the limit test for
Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy metals, modified limit test
for Chloride and Sulphate
General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscripted
with asterisk (*), properties and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds
belonging to the following classes
UNIT II
10 Hour
Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general,
buffers in pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic
solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting
isotonicity. Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major
physiological ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium
chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt
(ORS), Physiological acid base balance. Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dental
caries, Desensitizing agents, Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc
eugenol cement.
UNIT III
10 Hours
Gastrointestinal agents
Acidifiers: Ammonium chloride* and Dil. HCl
Antacid: Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, Sodium
40
Bicarbonate*, Aluminum hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide mixture
Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin and
Bentonite
Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification, Potassium permanganate, Boric
acid, Hydrogen peroxide*, Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparation
UNIT IV
08 Hours
Miscellaneous compounds
Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*.
Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate
Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate
Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodium
nitrite333
Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum
UNIT V
07 Hours
Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity, Properties of α, β, γ radiations, Half life, radio isotopes and study of radio
isotopes - Sodium iodide I131
, Storage conditions, precautions &
pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.
BP105T.COMMUNICATION SKILLS (Theory)
30 Hours
Scope: This course will prepare the young pharmacy student to interact effectively with
doctors, nurses, dentists, physiotherapists and other health workers. At the end of this
course the student will get the soft skills set to work cohesively with the team as a team
player and will add value to the pharmaceutical business.
Objectives:
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
1. Understand the behavioral needs for a Pharmacist to function effectively in the
areas of pharmaceutical operation
2. Communicate effectively (Verbal and Non Verbal)
3. Effectively manage the team as a team player
4. Develop interview skills
5. Develop Leadership qualities and essentials
Course content:
UNIT – I 07 Hours
Communication Skills: Introduction, Definition, The Importance of Communication,
The Communication Process – Source, Message, Encoding, Channel, Decoding,
Receiver, Feedback, Context Barriers to communication: Physiological Barriers, Physical Barriers, Cultural
Barriers, Language Barriers, Gender Barriers, Interpersonal Barriers, Psychological
Barriers, Emotional barriers Perspectives in Communication: Introduction, Visual Perception, Language, Other
factors affecting our perspective - Past Experiences, Prejudices, Feelings, Environment
UNIT – II 07 Hours
Elements of Communication: Introduction, Face to Face Communication - Tone of
Voice, Body Language (Non-verbal communication), Verbal Communication, Physical
Communication
Communication Styles: Introduction, The Communication Styles Matrix with example
for each -Direct Communication Style, Spirited Communication Style, Systematic
Communication Style, Considerate Communication Style
43
UNIT – III 07 Hours
Basic Listening Skills: Introduction, Self-Awareness, Active Listening, Becoming an
Active Listener, Listening in Difficult Situations Effective Written Communication: Introduction, When and When Not to Use Written
Communication - Complexity of the Topic, Amount of Discussion’ Required, Shades of
Meaning, Formal Communication
Writing Effectively: Subject Lines, Put the Main Point First, Know Your Audience, Organization of the Message
UNIT – IV 05 Hours
Interview Skills: Purpose of an interview, Do’s and Dont’s of an interview
Giving Presentations: Dealing with Fears, Planning your Presentation, Structuring Your
Presentation, Delivering Your Presentation, Techniques of Delivery
UNIT – V 04 Hours
Group Discussion: Introduction, Communication skills in group discussion, Do’s and
Dont’s of group discussion
BP 106RBT.REMEDIAL BIOLOGY (Theory) 30 Hours
Scope: To learn and understand the components of living world, structure and functional
system of plant and animal kingdom.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to
know the classification and salient features of five kingdoms of life understand the basic components of anatomy & physiology of plant know understand the basic components of anatomy & physiology animal with
special reference to human
UNIT I 07 Hours
Living world: Definition and characters of living organisms Diversity in the living world
Binomial nomenclature Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Potista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae, Virus,
Morphology of Flowering plants Morphology of different parts of flowering plants – Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit, seed. General Anatomy of Root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons & Dicotylidones.
UNIT II 07 Hours
Body fluids and circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood
Composition and functions of lymph
Human circulatory system
Structure of human heart and blood vessels Cardiac cycle, cardiac output and ECG
Digestion and Absorption
Human alimentary canal and digestive glands Role of digestive enzymes Digestion, absorption and assimilation of digested food
Breathing and respiration
Human respiratory system
Mechanism of breathing and its regulation
Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration
Respiratory volumes
47
UNIT III 07 Hours
Excretory products and their elimination
Modes of excretion
Human excretory system- structure and function
Urine formation
Rennin angiotensin system
Neural control and coordination
Definition and classification of nervous system
Structure of a neuron
Generation and conduction of nerve impulse Structure of brain and spinal cord
Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
Chemical coordination and regulation
Endocrine glands and their secretions Functions of hormones secreted by endocrine glands
Human reproduction
Parts of female reproductive system
Parts of male reproductive system
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Menstrual cycle
UNIT IV 05 Hours
Plants and mineral nutrition: Essential mineral, macro and micronutrients Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation
Photosynthesis Autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, Photosynthetic pigments, Factors affecting
photosynthesis.
UNIT V 04 Hours
Plant respiration:Respiration, glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic).
Plant growth and development Phases and rate of plant growth, Condition of growth,Introduction to plant growth
regulators
Cell - The unit of life Structure and functions of cell and cell organelles.Cell division
Tissues Definition, types of tissues, location and functions.
106RMT.REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS (Theory) 30 Hours
Scope: This is an introductory course in mathematics. This subject deals with the
introduction to Partial fraction, Logarithm, matrices and Determinant, Analytical
geometry, Calculus, differential equation and Laplace transform.
Objectives:Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:- 1. Know the theory and their application in Pharmacy
2. Solve the different types of problems by applying theory
3. Appreciate the important application of mathematics in Pharmacy
Course Content:
UNIT – I 06 Hours
Partial fraction
Introduction, Polynomial, Rational fractions, Proper and Improper fractions,
Partial fraction , Resolving into Partial fraction, Application of Partial
Fraction in Chemical Kinetics and Pharmacokinetics Logarithms
Introduction, Definition, Theorems/Properties of logarithms, Common
logarithms, Characteristic and Mantissa, worked examples, application of
logarithm to solve pharmaceutical problems. Function:
Real Valued function, Classification of real valued functions, Limits and continuity :
Introduction , Limit of a function, Definition of limit of a function
n n definition) , lim
UNIT –II 06 Hours
Matrices and Determinant:
Introduction matrices, Types of matrices, Operation on matrices,
Transpose of a matrix, Matrix Multiplication, Determinants, Properties of
determinants , Product of determinants, Minors and co-Factors, Adjoint
or adjugate of a square matrix , Singular and non-singular matrices,
Inverse of a matrix, Solution of system of linear of equations using matrix
method, Cramer’s rule, Characteristic equation and roots of a square
matrix, Cayley–Hamilton theorem,Applicationof Matrices in solving
Pharmacokinetic equations
51
UNIT – III 06 Hours
Calculus
Differentiation : Introductions, Derivative of a function, Derivative of a
constant, Derivative of a product of a constant and a function , Derivative
of the sum or difference of two functions, Derivative of the product of two
functions (product formula), Derivative of the quotient of two functions
(Quotient formula) – Without Proof, Derivative of x
n w.r.tx,where n is any
rational number, Derivative of e
x
,, Derivative of loge x , Derivative of
a
x
,Derivative of trigonometric functions from first principles (without
Proof), Successive Differentiation, Conditions for a function to be a
maximum or a minimum at a point. Application
UNIT – IV 06 Hours
Analytical Geometry
Introduction: Signs of the Coordinates, Distance formula, Straight Line : Slope or gradient of a straight line, Conditions for
parallelism and perpendicularity of two lines, Slope of a line joining two
points, Slope – intercept form of a straight line
Integration:
Introduction, Definition, Standard formulae, Rules of integration , Method of
substitution, Method of Partial fractions, Integration by parts, definite
integrals, application
UNIT-V 06 Hours
Differential Equations : Some basic definitions, Order and degree, Equations in separable form , Homogeneous equations, Linear
Differential equations, Exact equations, Application in solving
Pharmacokinetic equations Laplace Transform : Introduction, Definition, Properties of Laplace
transform, Laplace Transforms of elementary functions, Inverse
Laplace transforms, Laplace transform of derivatives, Application to
solve Linear differential equations, Application in solving Chemical
kinetics and Pharmacokinetics equations
Recommended Books (Latest Edition)
1. Differential Calculus by Shanthinarayan
2. Pharmaceutical Mathematics with application to Pharmacy by Panchaksharappa
Gowda D.H. 3. Integral Calculus by Shanthinarayan
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr.B.S.Grewal
SECOND SEMESTER
please do not enter any spam link in the comment box.